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波罗的海国家加大装备采购力度******
据美国“防务新闻”网站报道，近日，立陶宛政府宣布与美国政府敲定一项价值4.95亿美元的协议，采购8套“海马斯”火箭炮系统。无独有偶，爱沙尼亚近期也与美国政府签署一份价值2亿美元的协议，采购6套“海马斯”火箭炮系统。这是爱沙尼亚迄今为止规模最大的武器采购项目。对此，其邻国拉脱维亚表示，该国政府也在寻求高性能火箭炮系统，或将采购不超过10套“海马斯”火箭炮系统。分析人士指出，近期，波罗的海三国纷纷加大装备采购力度，或对地区安全形势造成负面影响。
据悉，“海马斯”火箭炮系统具备火力较强、机动性能较优、装填较迅速等特点。该型火箭炮系统配备6个发射管，既可发射射程70千米的GPS制导火箭弹，也可发射射程超过300千米的“陆军战术导弹”。在满载弹药的情况下，“海马斯”火箭炮系统公路最高时速可达90千米，具备自装填模块化发射能力，独立作战能力较强，可利用公路网，实现随停随打、打完即跑。
今年9月，北约在拉脱维亚举行了“银箭-2022”多国军事演习。演习期间，美军使用C-130运输机将“海马斯”火箭炮系统运抵拉脱维亚里加和利耶帕亚机场。在随后的实弹演习中，参演人员使用该型火箭炮系统发射火箭弹，成功打击波罗的海水域拉脱维亚专属经济区内的预定目标。不久后，波罗的海三国相继表达了购买“海马斯”火箭炮系统的意愿。
俄乌冲突爆发后，波罗的海三国不断增加国防开支，并声称要将国防开支占比提升至国内生产总值的3%。据北约估计，目前，爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛的防务开支分别占国内生产总值的2.34%、2.10%和2.36%。报道指出，尽管波罗的海三国的目标一致，但三国实现目标的时间表各不相同。爱沙尼亚总理卡娅·卡拉斯表示，爱沙尼亚国防开支占国内生产总值比例将在2024年超过3%。立陶宛预计明年达到这一目标。拉脱维亚暂未透露具体时间。
与此同时，美国也借机加强在波罗的海国家的军事存在。12月16日，爱沙尼亚国防部发表声明称，美军一个步兵连已抵达爱沙尼亚，并计划在爱沙尼亚部署“海马斯”火箭炮系统，以增强北约东部力量。分析人士指出，受俄乌冲突影响，波罗的海三国经济呈现放缓和停滞现象，面临较大不确定性。与此同时，北约近期军事活动持续升级，一方面大幅扩充快速反应部队规模，另一方面频繁进行大规模军事演习。波罗的海三国此时加大装备采购力度，不仅会加重国内财政负担，还可能导致误判，加剧地区安全形势的恶化。（常雨康）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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